The European Commission designated OpenAI’s ChatGPT as a very large online search engine under the Digital Services Act (DSA), making it the first AI chatbot placed in the European Union’s highest regulatory tier. Full regulation will begin in January next year after a grace period. Reddit and Roblox were also designated very large online platforms. The DSA, fully implemented in February 2024, directly supervises services with at least 45 million monthly users, or 10% of the EU population. ChatGPT had 159.1 million EU monthly users at the end of March, while Roblox had 46.6 million. OpenAI must monitor illegal content, assess risks involving minors, health, fundamental rights, public safety and elections, undergo annual external audits and submit data. Violations can draw fines of up to 6% of global annual revenue. The designations come amid other EU actions involving U.S. technology companies, including a 120 million-euro fine against X and an investigation into Grok over alleged non-consensual sexual deepfakes. The U.S. Trade Representative has threatened potential retaliation against European companies.