European Central Bank (ECB) policymakers expect additional policy tightening (higher interest rates or reduced monetary support) in the coming months as war-fuelled inflation intensifies. They could act as soon as the ECB meeting on Oct. 29, although the timing will depend on incoming data and developments in Iran. The ECB raised borrowing costs on Thursday for the second time this year and warned that price pressures could persist. Two sources said policymakers are increasingly concerned that higher gas and oil prices could spread inflation across the wider economy. ECB President Christine Lagarde said she could not predict the next move and reaffirmed the bank's "meeting-by-meeting" and "data-dependent" approach.