SK hynix generated 17.6087 trillion won ($12.7 billion) from what it described as a single external customer in the first half, a figure understood to refer to Nvidia and equal to 13.35% of total sales. A second unnamed single external customer contributed 17.1874 trillion won, with the buyer presumed to be a large data center operator such as Microsoft or Google that purchases memory at scale. Nvidia's share has fallen sharply from 24% of SK hynix's annual sales last year, reflecting a broader customer mix as major technology companies develop their own AI chips, or ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits), as an alternative to GPUs (graphics processing units). Even so, Nvidia's contribution is expected to rise somewhat in the second half as SK hynix aligns fourth-generation HBM4 (high-bandwidth memory for AI workloads) supply with the launch of Nvidia's Vera Rubin chip. SK hynix said on its recent second-quarter earnings conference call that it had "begun mass-production supply of HBM4 to major customers starting in the second quarter and completed sample supply of HBM4E to customers," and that it was "currently in talks with major customers on HBM supply volumes and prices for 2027." Regionally, SK hynix recorded 84.5648 trillion won in U.S. sales, including Nvidia, or 64.1% of the total, while China sales were 32.4783 trillion won, or 24.6%, driven mainly by AI server products in the United States and mobile memory products such as low-power DRAM and NAND in China.