The conflict between Saudi Arabia and Iran-backed Houthi rebels in Yemen has escalated toward full-scale war around the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, a crucial maritime chokepoint at the Red Sea’s entrance and a vital route for Saudi oil exports. The escalation comes as the Strait of Hormuz remains effectively blockaded during the U.S.-Iran war. On September 8, local time, Reuters and AFP reported that Houthi forces attacked Khamis Mushait, Abha, Najran and Jizan with drones and missiles, hitting Saudi Air Force bases as well as Aramco refining and power facilities. Saudi authorities said at least 73 people, including women and children, were injured, while NASA imagery showed thick black smoke over the Jizan refinery and Abha oil distribution center. Saudi warplanes retaliated against Sana’a and southwestern Taiz, and the Saudi-led coalition has intensified attacks on Houthi positions across Yemen. More than 500 people have been killed and about 20,000 displaced, including over 18,500 people recorded by the International Organization for Migration along Yemen’s western coast in three days. The conflict followed the Houthis’ declaration last month that they were ending a ceasefire and has involved a major government ground offensive backed by Saudi Arabia. The Houthis declared a maritime blockade against Saudi Arabia in July and have attacked Saudi vessels. Brent crude rose to $99.46 per barrel on September 8 as pressure mounted on Saudi oil exports.