The Iran war is pushing fuel prices higher worldwide, intensifying inflation and provoking protests while straining governments far beyond the countries directly involved in the conflict. The shock affects gasoline, diesel, natural gas and other fuels, with poorer and developing countries especially exposed because they have less fiscal room to support consumers. Price increases vary widely: fuel-importing countries such as Pakistan and Myanmar have suffered steep hikes, while the United States has also seen soaring prices despite being the world's largest oil and gasoline producer. Crude oil, the largest input into gasoline costs, is priced on global markets, and the U.S. federal government has not imposed retail price caps or subsidies. Ukrainian drone strikes on Russian refineries are also contributing to higher motor-fuel prices, particularly diesel. Dozens of governments have capped prices, subsidized fuels or reduced fuel taxes, while others are trying to curb demand through measures including remote work and limits on government travel. The International Monetary Fund has warned that prolonged fuel support could create a substantial fiscal burden, noting that many measures described as temporary lack clear expiration dates or cost estimates. Energy scholar Joseph Webster of the Atlantic Council said governments should favor gradual demand reduction and taper subsidies rather than allow abrupt price increases that could trigger unrest. In Kenya, higher fuel and fertilizer costs are compounding inflation, public debt and youth unemployment. The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace said in late August that Kenya's experience highlights the need for greater resilience among countries vulnerable to external economic shocks.