China’s export restrictions on rare-earth metals and magnets remain a major unresolved issue ahead of President Trump’s planned meeting with Xi Jinping, China’s top leader. Manufacturers in the United States, Europe, Japan and India have reported difficulty securing supplies from China, which dominates global production of materials used in cars, wind turbines, semiconductors, computer displays and military equipment. China imposed controls in April 2025 on seven types of rare earths and related magnets, later announcing broader restrictions scheduled to take effect Nov. 10. Separately, China has sharply reduced shipments to Japan during a political dispute, disrupting supply chains that also support American manufacturers. The existing controls, the Nov. 10 measures and the Japan-related curbs are expected to feature in the talks, although there is little indication of how they might be resolved. The dispute intensified after China introduced export licensing rules two days after President Trump imposed steep tariffs in April 2025 on China and dozens of other countries. Shipments then slowed sharply, forcing some manufacturers elsewhere to reduce output and demonstrating the leverage China gains from its near monopoly on production.