Flashbots strategist Hasu said charging passive holders of ETH could be beneficial if the proceeds help fund projects building within the Ethereum ecosystem. He cited efforts tied to Lido, Aave and DAT, saying those projects collectively support Ethereum client teams, multiple EF-derived projects and broader DeFi (blockchain-based finance) development. In his view, Ethereum's long-running challenge has not been excessive ETH issuance, but insufficient ecosystem investment. He added that reducing inflation would inevitably have a dampening effect on investment, and argued the Ethereum research community has historically struggled to anticipate those second- and third-order effects.