South Korea is using its seven SEED initiative to tackle what it sees as the main constraint on artificial intelligence expansion: power. The government said peak electricity demand is projected to rise to 129.3 gigawatts in 2038 from 98.3 GW in 2023, with data centers alone expected to require 6.2 GW, driving plans to commercialize an innovative light-water small modular reactor by 2035, advance fusion toward late-2030s power-generation demonstrations and develop solar cells with efficiency above 35%, 20-megawatt wind turbines and large-scale high-voltage direct current transmission. The program still spans quantum, aerospace, advanced bio and strategic supply chains, with targets including a domestically made error-corrected 100-qubit quantum processing unit by 2029, a lunar-orbit communications satellite in 2029, a first lunar lander in 2030 and brain-computer interface products by 2035. Seoul also plans to move beyond grants into "investment-type R&D," creating joint public-private special purpose companies and taking equity stakes in fields such as SMRs, fusion, quantum and advanced bio while investing 10 trillion won ($7.2 billion) over five years in advanced materials, parts and equipment.