Google Cloud has published a three-phase roadmap to make its infrastructure fully ready for post-quantum cryptography by 2029, with the first deadline at the end of 2027 aimed at store now, decrypt later attacks and a second by the end of 2028 covering quantum-safe digital signatures, certificates, key management and cryptographic agility (swapping algorithms without rebuilding systems). Google first announced the company-wide 2029 target on March 25, 2026. The company said hybrid ML-KEM/X25519 key exchange is already live on Google Cloud API endpoints and load balancers, while NIST (U.S. standards body)-standardized ML-KEM, ML-DSA and SLH-DSA are being integrated into Cloud Key Management Service. The timetable broadly matches 2029 targets set by Cloudflare and Microsoft and has implications for blockchain networks, where a quantum computer running Shor's algorithm (method for breaking some encryption) at scale could derive private keys from exposed public keys.