Singapore has told companies involved in transshipment to declare cargo origins truthfully and keep proof-of-origin records for five years after a White House report named the city-state as a possible conduit for Chinese exporters trying to avoid U.S. tariffs. The Ministry of Trade and Industry said inaccurate country-of-origin declarations can be an offence under Singapore law and warned it will take "firm and decisive action" against violations. Beijing said it "firmly opposes" what it called an over-stretching of national security justifications to suppress Chinese enterprises, while the European Commission said the EU's rules framework and regulatory autonomy are not "up for negotiation". The Trump administration's The Great Transshipment Scam said rerouting Chinese-made goods through 40 jurisdictions could cost the U.S. as much as $303 billion, while the White House Council of Economic Advisers estimated potential illegal transshipment at $34.2 billion to $89.6 billion. The report also said 450,000 jobs have been displaced, annual GDP reduced by $113 billion to $150 billion, and federal revenue losses reached $19 billion to $26 billion, and it said the U.S. will use an AI-enabled "Detective Border" initiative to identify illicit routing. Analysts, including Song Seng Wun of SDAX, said being named is itself a form of pressure on major regional trade gateways such as Singapore.