Nokia is winding down virtually all of its mainland China operations, extending the closure beyond its Hangzhou radio technology research hub to sites in Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Qingdao and elsewhere. The staged cuts, affecting its mobile networks and network infrastructure divisions, are expected to remove most of the mainland workforce by Dec. 31, 2026, leaving mainly after-sales support. Nokia had roughly 7,200 employees across mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan at the end of 2025, including about 1,600 at Hangzhou. Greater China revenue fell from nearly €2.2 billion in 2018 to €913 million in 2025, while Nokia and Ericsson together held less than 3% of China’s radio access network market. Nokia has cited sustained business decline and signals of national-security exclusion, reflecting a broader split between Chinese and Western telecom suppliers. The retreat also limits Nokia’s access to China’s large-scale 5G deployment data as it develops AI-RAN systems with Nvidia ahead of the 3GPP’s planned December 2028 6G protocol freeze. The restructuring is expected to produce about €200 million in annual savings, while Nokia is redirecting investment toward AI and cloud infrastructure.