South Korea plans a Future Fund, also called the Future Response Fund, to capture semiconductor- and AI-linked tax revenue above a long-term trend and deploy it for strategic investment rather than ordinary surplus rules. Excess receipts would be measured against the prior 10-year average growth rate of domestic tax revenue, with some projections putting the fund above 100 trillion won ($72 billion) in its first year ahead of a more precise figure in the next budget proposal. The fund would back youth, future growth engines including three AI megaprojects and seven technologies (small modular reactors, nuclear fusion, renewable energy, quantum technology, aerospace, advanced biotechnology and advanced supply chains), regional development and education, while buffering revenue swings after large overshoots in 2021–2022 and shortfalls in 2023–2024. Critics say setting aside windfalls instead of prioritizing debt reduction, and allowing roughly 20% to 30% of major outlays to be adjusted without fresh National Assembly approval, could weaken oversight. Separately, Seoul will overhaul local education grants—long set at 20.79% of domestic tax revenue—using the prior year’s allocation adjusted for three-year average nominal growth and 35% of the three-year average change in the school-age population, with a Future Response Fund education account covering shortfalls versus the old formula and support for early childhood, higher education and lifelong learning.