The Trump administration has intensified economic pressure on Cuba, with the Treasury and State departments announcing new sanctions on nine state-owned mining, metal and construction companies and on three leaders of the Cuban Institute of Friendship with the Peoples, or ICAP. Secretary of State Marco Rubio accused ICAP of sponsoring a subversive network in the United States and of using events around Fidel Castro’s 100th birthday to cultivate international sympathizers. The designations build on a broader campaign that includes tighter enforcement of rules barring Americans from dealings with Cuban government-owned or affiliated businesses. U.S. officials said several American citizens returning through Miami after Castro-related events were briefly detained and had electronic devices seized, though they were later released and could still face prosecution if sanctions violations are found. Cuban Foreign Minister Bruno Rodríguez rejected the measures as a deliberate effort to harm the island’s economy and basic services. An oil blockade imposed after the U.S. military operation that ousted Venezuela’s Nicolás Maduro has deepened Cuba’s crisis, with widespread blackouts, transport collapse, medicine shortages and a sharp drop in tourism. Earlier U.S. demands for economic opening and Cuba’s announced reforms remain part of the backdrop, as Washington continues periodic sanctions while Havana says the embargo and related penalties are the main obstacle to recovery.