Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s government, which took office in October 2022, is due to become the longest-serving administration in the history of the Italian Republic on September 4. It will be Italy’s 68th government since 1946 and the administration of its 31st republican-era prime minister, in a political system whose post-war cabinets have lasted roughly 14 months on average, although calculations vary over caretaker periods. The government’s record includes a judicial overhaul decisively rejected in a constitutional referendum in March, a direct-election-of-the-prime-minister plan that stalled after initial Senate approval in June 2024, and a regional-autonomy law whose key provisions were struck down by the Constitutional Court. It tightened asylum and anti-smuggling rules, expanded repatriations, introduced broad security measures, reduced income-tax bands from four to three and replaced the Citizens’ Income welfare scheme, with mixed results and some reforms remaining in limbo. Italy has used three electoral systems in general elections over the past 22 years, while Meloni has promised a fourth before the 2027 vote.