Tesla's cumulative mileage under its supervised Full Self-Driving (FSD) system approached 22.5 billion kilometers as of the 31st, highlighting the data advantage built by leading autonomous-driving developers. Baidu's Apollo Go robotaxi service had exceeded 350 million kilometers, including 240 million kilometers without anyone behind the wheel, while South Korea's 55 self-driving pilot zones had recorded 13.06 million kilometers as of July last year. South Korea's Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport designated Gwangju as an autonomous-driving test city, deployed 200 vehicles and plans to expand testing to three city-scale zones and 3,000 vehicles next year. Experts say broader testing across different environments, clearer data governance and a regulatory sandbox are needed. They also urged the government to enable commercial operations, develop insurance products and consider premium or compensation subsidies. Beijing's staged robotaxi model, which expands service inward from seven zones while restricting operators after accidents, was cited as a possible template. Experts further said Korea must compress into one to two years development work that took the United States and China three to five years, while building an ecosystem that brings entertainment, legal services and finance companies onto self-driving platforms.