The European Commission designated OpenAI’s ChatGPT, Reddit and Roblox under the European Union’s Digital Services Act (DSA), placing them in the bloc’s highest regulatory tier alongside services operated by Meta, Google and Amazon. ChatGPT was classified as a Very Large Online Search Engine (VLOSE), the first standalone AI chatbot to receive that designation, while Reddit and Roblox were classified as Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs). The designations apply to services exceeding 45 million average monthly EU users, equivalent to about 10% of the bloc’s population. ChatGPT had approximately 159.1 million EU monthly users at the end of March or across the October 2025-March 2026 reporting period, Reddit reported 57.2 million as of July 2026, and Roblox reported between 46.6 million and 48 million, including 46.6 million in the newer filing. The designations bring the DSA’s highest-tier total to 28. After a grace period ending in December 2026 or January 2027, the companies must conduct systemic-risk assessments, address illegal content, protect minors, undergo independent annual audits and submit data. Risks to assess include effects on health, fundamental rights, public safety and elections. Non-compliance can result in fines of up to 6% of global annual turnover. The move comes amid other EU actions involving U.S. technology companies, including a 120 million-euro fine against X and an investigation into Grok over alleged non-consensual sexual deepfakes, while the U.S. Trade Representative has threatened possible retaliation against European companies.