The Education Ministry selected Pusan National University, Chonnam National University and Chungnam National University on September 1 for about 70 billion won ($51.4 million) in annual funding through 2030 under its "10 Seoul National Universities" plan. Including 20 billion won to 30 billion won in undergraduate education reform funding available to flagship national universities except Seoul National University, each selected school is set to receive about 100 billion won this year. The presidents of six excluded universities plan to discuss seeking a review, while faculty groups, politicians and the Union of Korean National University Professors have questioned the ministry's criteria, evaluation transparency and the risk of creating a new hierarchy among national universities.