Six South Korean insurers had core capital ratios below the 50% threshold under the Korean Insurance Capital Standard (K-ICS), ahead of the rule taking effect next year. The affected companies were life insurers Hana Life, KDB Life and iM Life, and property and casualty insurers Hana Insurance, Heungkuk Fire & Marine Insurance and Lotte Insurance, as of the end of June. Hana Life’s ratio fell 6.63 percentage points to 14.26% in the second quarter, while Hana Insurance’s dropped 6.19 points to 22.43% and KDB Life recorded the sharpest decline, down 8.76 points to 33.17%. iM Life, Heungkuk Fire & Marine Insurance and Lotte Insurance improved, although Lotte Insurance remained negative at minus 5.4%. Stricter actuarial assumptions have increased capital-management pressure, particularly for mid-sized and smaller insurers that have relied on supplementary capital such as subordinated bonds. An insurance industry official said those companies will need to raise capital through share issuance or retain internal earnings.