Vitalik Buterin sees 60% chance SNARKs, FHE and iO reach single-digit overhead
AI Summary- Vitalik Buterin assessed overhead probabilities for SNARKs, FHE and iO.
- 60% covers eventual sub-10x overhead; 33% covers all three approaching 1+ε overhead.
- Ethereum block-proving costs fell from $1.69 to under four cents during 2025.