LayerZero has launched Akita, a lattice-based cryptographic tool designed to give zero-knowledge proving systems quantum-resistant security, while Coinbase convened Bitcoin developers, custodians and hardware-wallet specialists at Stanford to compare migration options. The initiatives address the risk that sufficiently powerful quantum computers could derive private keys from exposed public keys and compromise digital signatures used by Bitcoin and Ethereum. A March 2026 Google Quantum AI whitepaper said breaking 256-bit elliptic-curve cryptography could require fewer than 1,200 logical qubits and about 90 million Toffoli gates, although Google’s Willow processor currently has 105 physical qubits. Google plans to complete its own post-quantum migration by 2029, working with Coinbase, the Stanford Institute for Blockchain Research and the Ethereum Foundation. Akita will initially be integrated into Jolt, LayerZero’s zero-knowledge virtual machine built with a16z crypto and used by LayerZero’s Zero blockchain. Coinbase said its migration will likely proceed in stages and that its existing system protects about 99.9% of customer assets; it introduced PQ-CoreKMS in July. Ethereum’s Lean Ethereum roadmap targets 2029 for full post-quantum protection, while Bitcoin has no network-wide deadline but is advancing proposals including BIP-360 and BIP-361. NIST anticipates deprecating ECDSA by 2030 and disallowing it by 2035.