North American markets weakened as escalating U.S.-Canada tariffs, retaliation, higher Treasury yields and shifting Federal Reserve expectations increased policy uncertainty. Canada’s countermeasures took effect Sept. 8 after failed talks, covering 639 U.S. products with duties of 15% to 50% and excluding U.S.-origin shipments already in transit. Finance Minister Francois-Philippe Champagne defended Ottawa’s dollar-for-dollar response, while Sen. Susan Collins (R-Maine) urged Vice President JD Vance and U.S. Trade Representative Jamieson Greer to reopen negotiations, warning that tariffs were raising costs for Maine families, manufacturers, farmers and municipalities. President Donald Trump signed five proclamations under Section 338 of the Tariff Act of 1930 after Canada’s retaliation; selected product changes take effect Sept. 15 and separate import bans begin Sept. 29. The S&P/TSX Composite Index fell 0.6% to 35,907, while CME FedWatch put the probability of a 25-basis-point Federal Reserve increase on Sept. 16 at 60.2%, contrasting with a Reuters survey in which roughly 70% of economists expected no change.