Stocks and bonds were selected as a retirement preparation method by 12.8% of South Koreans aged 19–29 and 13.4% of those in their 30s last year, according to Korean Statistical Information Service data. The figures rose from 2.6% and 2.8%, respectively, in 2011, increasing roughly fivefold. Use among younger adults accelerated after 2019 and remained elevated following the 2021 retail investing boom. Older age groups also recorded increases, although more modestly. The National Pension Service and deposits, installment savings and savings-type insurance remained the most common retirement preparation methods. John Lee, head of John Lee's School of Wealth, said investors should focus on companies' long-term profitability and investment horizons rather than short-term trading.