Poland's state-owned energy company Orlen is seeking arbitration to recover a $230 million prepayment made to Dubai-based Hannon International for about six million barrels of Venezuelan crude. Orlen received only about 500,000 barrels of fuel oil, while the Polish government estimates total losses of at least $424 million after tanker leasing, legal fees and other costs. Hannon said at least $132 million was converted into Tether's USDT stablecoin and handed to two intermediaries who later disappeared. The failed transaction remains subject to a Polish criminal investigation that resulted in charges against three former Orlen Trading Switzerland managers.