The FCA said overseas crypto providers can fall within the UK’s incoming authorization regime when they serve UK consumers, defined as individuals in the UK acting outside a trade, business or profession. Final cryptoasset perimeter guidance published on Sept. 16 sets out when firms conducting newly regulated activities may need authorization from Oct. 25, 2027. The application gateway opens Sept. 30, 2026, with the main window closing Feb. 28, 2027. The regime will move much of the sector beyond anti-money-laundering registration and into the Financial Services and Markets Act authorization framework, requiring scrutiny of governance, financial resources, operational resilience, controls and senior-management responsibilities. Existing rules remain in force until the new regime starts, and existing registrations and permissions will not convert automatically. For overseas trading platforms, custodians and staking providers, the outcome depends on consumer access, the role of any authorized UK firm and the structure of the service. Automated-protocol interfaces, including DeFi (decentralized finance) services, require case-specific analysis. PERG guidance is interpretive rather than legally binding in court.