Unregulated online gambling generated an estimated €91.6 billion in gross gaming revenue (GGR), or 72% of the €128 billion EU-27 market in 2025, according to Online Gambling 2024–2025: EU 27 Europe, a report prepared by Gaming Compliance International (GCI) for the Campaign for Fairer Gambling (CFG). Unregulated GGR rose from €52.6 billion in 2023, a 74% increase over two years. The report says 121 million Europeans encountered online gambling content in 2025, including 88 million who saw content from unregulated operators. Among consumers actively interacting with online gambling, 91% of the content they encountered promoted the unregulated sector. It identifies affiliates, social media, advertising, search engines, apps, payment services, peer-to-peer communications and illegal streaming as interconnected channels supporting customer acquisition and revenue generation. GCI says roughly 6,000 unregulated providers rely on this shared infrastructure, while CFG founder Derek Webb and GCI President Ismail Vali argue that enforcement must address the wider cross-border ecosystem rather than individual operators alone.