Chen Long, Secretary-General of Luohan Academy, said fintech has passed through three historical waves driven by connection, trust and thinking. Speaking at the 2026 Shanghai International Blockchain Week, he associated those phases with internet finance, blockchain asset tokenization and artificial intelligence. Chen described tokens as the fundamental unit of both blockchain trust technology and AI thinking technology. He said AI finance and on-chain finance will converge into Smart-Chain finance, in which intelligent agents can continuously trade and allocate various assets as trusted entities.