Gaza’s recovery and reconstruction needs have reached an estimated $71.5 billion and are likely to increase, according to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). The agency described Gaza’s economic collapse as the world’s most severe crisis on record, citing the effects of 59 years of Israeli occupation and military operations since October 2023. Israeli military operations damaged or destroyed 92% of Gaza’s economic establishments, while more than 90% of the working-age population was unemployed in 2025. Real GDP per capita fell to $212, or $0.58 per day, an 83% decline from 2022. A separate World Bank, European Union and UN assessment put physical infrastructure damage at $35.2 billion and economic and social losses at $22.7 billion as of early 2026. Housing represents the largest reconstruction need; more than half of hospitals and clinics are non-functional, and less than 1.5% of cropland remains accessible and undamaged. The report called for international financial and technical assistance, the transfer of withheld Palestinian revenues, protection of the banking system and reconstruction support aligned with documented damage. It also said Israel withheld clearance revenues from May 2025 through mid-2026, with cumulative deductions and withheld revenues exceeding $3.67 billion between 2019 and March 2026. The Palestinian Authority’s fiscal strain included a 13% budget deficit relative to GDP in 2025, $1.1 billion in health-related arrears and $4.8 billion in public debt, while banking-sector exposure to the public sector reached $5.3 billion.