India is mobilizing roughly $25 billion in combined public and private investment to expand its deep-tech industry and narrow its gap with China and the U.S. The effort targets artificial intelligence, quantum computing, robotics, semiconductors and other strategic technologies. Its centerpiece is a ₹1 lakh crore, or approximately $11 billion to $12 billion, Research, Development, and Innovation scheme intended to provide patient capital for technologies that can take a decade or more to reach commercial scale. The India Deep Tech Alliance, established in September 2025, has committed more than $2.5 billion, including $1 billion for artificial intelligence, while its members had deployed about ₹2,170 crore across 56 companies by mid-2026. Indian deep-tech startups raised an estimated $2.96 billion through 189 deals in 2025. Policy changes have extended deep-tech startup recognition to 20 years and raised turnover thresholds; the country now has more than 3,600 recognized deep-tech startups. Despite the expansion, India’s funding remains far below U.S. and Chinese levels, and investors have not set a timeline for a global Indian deep-tech champion.