Crypto markets edged higher, with Bitcoin at $85,170, up 0.43%, and Ether at $2,695, up 0.54%. Total crypto market capitalization rose 0.54% to $2.9 trillion on $41.5 billion in volume. Regulatory developments dominated the backdrop: Iran reaffirmed the closure of the Strait of Hormuz until seven U.S. conditions are met, while an SEC (U.S. securities regulator) funding lapse froze reviews of crypto ETF applications and extended issuer timelines indefinitely. CFTC Chair Selig said the agency would continue crypto rulemaking under existing authority, including possible supervision of exchanges and leveraged trading, despite stalled CLARITY Act legislation. The SEC approved six 3x leveraged ETPs tracking Bitcoin and Ether through CME futures, although trading awaits registration effectiveness. Starknet's STRK led token gains after launching a ZK privacy layer for ERC-20 tokens on mainnet, while PUMP rose on whale accumulation and Aerodrome Finance's AERO advanced ahead of an Oct. 21 merger across seven chains. Investors are watching the FOMC September minutes and TOKEN2049 Singapore for further institutional signals.