An estimated 550,000 people joined demonstrations across France on Oct. 17 over education conditions, rising living costs and declining public services, while the C.G.T. estimated 800,000 participants. Peaceful marches were accompanied by violence in Paris, Marseille, Lyon, Limoges and other cities, where hooded groups attacked police, looted stores and damaged or set fire to public buildings and businesses. Interior Minister Laurent Nuñez said at least 400 people were arrested and 60 law enforcement officers were injured, including two taken to hospital unconscious. The movement began with student complaints about teacher shortages and deteriorating lycée conditions before expanding to trade unions, Yellow Vest supporters, farmers and climate activists. Education Minister Édouard Geffray promised 3,000 additional supply teachers, but unrest continued amid political uncertainty ahead of France's next presidential election.