More than 50 large U.S. oil and gas companies earned over $130 billion in profit from April through September during the war with Iran, nearly three times their combined earnings of less than $47 billion in the same period of 2025. The estimate covers mostly producers and refiners and excludes profits from March and October. U.S. refiners benefited particularly from damage to fuel-making plants in the Middle East and Russia, which reduced available refining capacity and lifted gross profit margins. Meanwhile, Americans spent an estimated additional $147 billion on gasoline and diesel after the United States and Israel began striking Iran on Feb. 28, or more than $1,100 per household, according to Brown University’s Climate Solutions Lab.