South Korea recorded 88 labor-management disputes in major manufacturing sectors through the end of September, down 11.1% from 99 cases during the same period last year, but workdays lost rose 45.2% to 489,190. The Korea Enterprises Federation said repeated partial and full-scale strikes at Hyundai Motor, HD Hyundai Heavy Industries and Hanwha Ocean drove significant production disruptions, while labor tensions also escalated at parts supplier HL Mando. Hyundai Motor’s union began partial strikes in July and held an eight-hour full-scale strike on Aug. 21, the first in a decade, shutting production lines for 120 hours and causing estimated losses of about 55,200 vehicles and at least 2.3 trillion won in sales. KEF said demands for N% performance-based profit sharing linked to corporate earnings, together with higher fixed labor costs and workforce-management burdens, are increasing uncertainty for companies and urged labor and management to account for global competition, future investment needs and effects on partner companies during negotiations.