Reports indicate SpaceX has moved its IPO from internal preparation into execution, with Goldman Sachs in the lead underwriting role ahead of Morgan Stanley, Bank of America, Citi/Citigroup, and JPMorgan Chase. CNBC said SpaceX confidentially filed its S-1 in April, with a public filing potentially imminent and an investor roadshow scheduled for the week of June 8. The offering is reportedly targeting a $70 billion to $75 billion raise at a valuation of $1.75 trillion to $2 trillion, with up to 30% of shares potentially allocated to retail investors. Additional reporting says Elon Musk again chose Goldman for the top-left position on IPO paperwork, reflecting a long history of Goldman-led Tesla and SolarCity capital markets deals. SpaceX has not announced a final listing date, and one cited route for pre-IPO exposure is Ark Invest’s ARK Venture Fund, a closed-end interval fund that holds private companies including SpaceX but offers limited liquidity and higher fees.