Brazil’s central bank has deepened oversight of the crypto sector by classifying virtual asset service providers as Type 3 institutions under Resolution No. 580/2026, subjecting them from Jan. 1, 2027 to brokerage-style capital, risk-management and disclosure rules, while requiring all providers to fall under Segment 4 supervision by June 30, 2028. The broader framework builds on Law 14,478/2022, a 2023 presidential decree confirming the central bank’s mandate, and November 2025 rules that set capital requirements of R$10.8 million to R$37.2 million alongside anti-money laundering and asset-segregation requirements; 2026 measures also extended bank secrecy obligations to crypto platforms and mandated independent audits by CVM-registered professionals. Separately, at a July 4 congressional hearing ahead of review of bill 4308/2024, the central bank said stablecoins function as payment instruments and should be treated as electronic monetary instruments rather than general digital assets, a position opposed by the Brazilian Association of Crypto Economy, which warned of regulatory conflicts, weaker adoption and added pressure on smaller firms.