No Summary provided as the original text is short
- Bond valuation loss: A decrease in the market value of held bonds compared to their purchase price, often due to rising interest rates.
- Inverted yield spread: A situation where short-term interest rates are higher than long-term rates, which can reduce the market value of long-term bonds.
- Interest rate hikes: An increase in benchmark lending rates set by a central bank, which can impact bond prices and valuations.