The collection of primary and secondary analyses consistently indicates that while the Supreme Court struck down the tariffs imposed under IEEPA, it did not make a definitive ruling on whether the government is obligated to refund tariffs already collected. Multiple credible legal commentaries note that refund-related issues were remanded to lower courts or left unresolved by the decision. Some discussions from dissenting opinions mention the possibility of refunds, but these were not adopted as part of the majority holding. The official opinion confirms that the case addressed the scope of presidential tariff authority, not the mechanics or obligation of refunds. The consistency of this conclusion across high-authority sources supports a high probability that the statement is accurate.